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  • Human dental pulp-derived stem cells promote locomotor recovery after complete transection of the rat spinal cord by multiple neuro-regenerative mechanisms

  • Human dental pulp-derived stem cells promote locomotor recovery after complete transection of the rat spinal cord by multiple neuro-regenerative mechanisms

  • Human dental pulp-derived stem cells promote locomotor recovery after complete transection of the rat spinal cord by multiple neuro-regenerative mechanisms  

    Introduction


    The development of effective treatments for spinal cord injury
    (SCI) has been stifled by this injury’s complicated pathophysiology
    (1). During the acute phase, the focal mechanical insult
    disrupts tissue homeostasis. This triggers secondary injury processes
    in which multiple destructive cascades cause the necrotic
    and apoptotic death of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes,
    which spreads beyond the initial injury site and leads to irreversible
    axonal damage and demyelination (2, 3). Subsequently, reactive
    astrocytes and oligodendrocytes near the site of injured spinal
    cord (SC) respectively produce chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans
    (CSPGs) and myelin proteins (including myelin-associated glycoprotein
    [MAG], Nogo, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein
    [OMgp], netrin, semaphorin, and ephrin). These extracellular molecules
    function as axon growth inhibitors (AGIs), acting through
    the intracellular Rho GTPase signaling cascade (4). These multiple
    pathogenic signals synergistically accelerate the progressive
    deterioration after SCI. Therefore, therapeutic strategies for functional
    recovery from SCI must exert multifaceted reparative effects
    against a variety of pathogeneses (2).